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Red Hat® Linux 6 Unleashed
Chapter 9: Apache Server Previous
Sections in this Chapter: Server Installation CGI and SSI Runtime Server Configuration Settings Starting and Stopping the Server Virtual Hosting Configuration File Listings Previous SectionNext Section Starting and Stopping the Server Starting the Server Manually The /etc/rc.d httpd Scripts At this point, you have your Apache server installed and configured the way you want it. It's time to start it up for the first time. Starting the Server Manually The Apache server, httpd, has a few command-line options you can use to set some defaults specifying where httpd will read its configuration directives. The Apache httpd executable understands the following options: httpd [-d directory] [-f file] [-C "directive"] [-c "directive"] [-v] [-V] [-h] [-l] [-L] [-S] [-t] The -d option overrides the location of the ServerRoot directory. It sets the initial value of the ServerRoot variable (the directory where the Apache server is installed) to whichever path you specify. This default is usually read from the ServerRoot directive in httpd.conf.The -f flag specifies the location of the main configuration file, conf/httpd.conf. It reads and executes the configuration commands found in ConfigurationFile on startup. If the ConfigurationFile is not an absolute path (it doesn't begin with a /), its location is assumed to be relative to the path specified in the ServerRoot directive in httpd.conf. By default, this value is set to ServerRoot/conf/httpd.conf.The -v option prints the development version of the Apache server and terminates the process.The -V option shows all of the settings that were in effect when the server was compiled.The -h option prints the following usage information for the server: Usage: httpd [-d directory] [-f file] [-C "directive"] [-c "directive"] [-v] [-V] [-h] [-l] [-L] [-S] [-t] Options: -D name : define a name for use in <IfDefine name> directives -d directory : specify an alternate initial ServerRoot -f file : specify an alternate ServerConfigFile -C "directive" : process directive before reading config files -c "directive" : process directive after reading config files -v : show version number -V : show compile settings -h : list available command line options (this page) -l : list compiled-in modules -L : list available configuration directives -S : show parsed settings (currently only vhost settings) -t : run syntax test for configuration files only The -l option lists those modules that are compiled into your Apache serverThe -L option lists all of the configuration directives that are available with the modules that are available to you.The -S option lists the virtual host settings for the server.The -t option is extremely useful. It runs a syntax check on your configuration files. It's a good idea to run this check before restarting your server, once you have made changes to your configuration files. Note - When you start the server manually from the command line, you need to do so as root. There are two main reasons for this: l If your standalone server uses the default HTTP port
l l Only processes owned by root can change their UID and
l The /etc/rc.d httpd Scripts Red Hat Linux uses scripts in the /etc/rc.d directory to control the startup and shutdown of various services, including the Apache Web server. The main script installed for the Apache Web server is /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd and is shown in Listing 9.1. Note - /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd is a shell script and is not the same as the Apache server located in /usr/sbin. That is, /usr/sbin/httpd is the program executable file, and /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd is a shell script that helps control that program. See Chapter 6 for more information. You can use the following options to control the Web server: start The system uses this option to start the Web server during
stop The system uses this option to stop the server gracefully.
reload You can use this option to send the HUP
restart This option is a convenient way to stop and then immediately
status This option indicates whether the server is running, and
For example, to check on the current status, use the following command: /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd status which prints httpd (pid 8643 8642 6510 6102 6101 6100 6099 6323 6322 6098 6097 6096 6095 362 6094 6093) is running... This indicates that the Web server is running; in fact, there are 16 servers currently running. Tip - Use the reload option if you are making many changes to the various server configuration files. This saves time when you're stopping and starting the server by having the system simply reread the configuration files--without requiring you to remember the PID for the Web server. If you do need to know the PID, the status command can provide that information. Also, the system keeps the PID (and many other PIDs) in a file located in /var/run. LISTING 9.1 /etc/rc.d/init.d/http #!/bin/sh # # Startup script for the Apache Web Server # # chkconfig: 345 85 15 # description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve \ # HTML files and CGI. # processname: httpd # pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid # config: /etc/httpd/conf/access.conf # config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf # config: /etc/httpd/conf/srm.conf # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) echo -n "Starting httpd: " daemon httpd echo touch /var/lock/subsys/httpd ;; stop) echo -n "Shutting down http: " [ -f /var/run/httpd.pid ] && { kill ´cat /var/run/httpd.pid´ echo -n httpd } echo rm -f /var/lock/subsys/httpd rm -f /var/run/httpd.pid ;; status) status httpd ;; restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; reload) echo -n "Reloading httpd: " [ -f /var/run/httpd.pid ] && { kill -HUP ´cat /var/run/httpd.pid´ echo -n httpd } echo ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" exit 1 esac exit 0 Red Hat® Linux 6 Unleashed
Chapter 9: Apache Server Previous
Sections in this Chapter: Server Installation CGI and SSI Runtime Server Configuration Settings Starting and Stopping the Server Virtual Hosting Configuration File Listings Previous SectionNext Section © Copyright Macmillan USA. All rights reserved. |